Vithal kamat biography pdf

Kamat planted more than 20 lakhs trees and transformed his over hundreds of acres of hillock into a place for medicinal plants and local trees for forestation. Kamat's initiatives. The journey of Mr. Vithal Venkatesh Kamat is one that reflects a lifetime of consistent hard work, a passion towards providing memorable experiences and above all, cherishing relationships that outlast materialistic achievements.

It is, then, little wonder that millions seek to emulate his lifestyle and his commitment towards making planet earth a better place. Kamat is not only an accomplished entrepreneur but an author beyond compare.

His works stem from experiences and are rooted in the values instilled in him as a child. Our Services. MarketScreener Portfolios. Vidita Vithal Kamat. She received an undergraduate degree from the University of Mumbai.

All rights reserved. Show password. Interest Rates. Business Leaders. Finance Pro. All News. Most read news. Business Leaders Biography. Current positions of Vidita Vithal Kamat. Vidita Vithal Kamat: Personal Network. Vithal Venketesh Kamat. Kamat Hotels India Limited.

Shashidhar Shetty. Ramnath P. Even if we have a high impedance line-to-ground fault, the small levels of fault currents through earth is still sufficient to trip a residual current circuit breaker RCCB and help protect lives. Earth could be used for measurement purposes in measurement instruments, or for filtering out noise in EMI filters, or surges in surge suppressors, or giving a return path for currents in a neutral earthed at a single point. All these are examples of functional earth, the last one being the most widely used.

While the first letter indicates the connection between earth and the power supply equipment generator or transformer , the second letter indicates the connection between earth and the electrical device being supplied on the consumer side. T : Direct connection of a point with earth terra I : Isolated, or no point is connected with earth N: Direction connection to Neutral 3.

The second letter indicates that the body of the device on the consumer side is connected with the transformer earth via a wire which could be a Neutral N or a separate wire called Protective Earth PE. In a 3 phase system, Neutral wire connects to a star point and usually carries current.

In a 1 phase system, neutral carries the return current. PE under normal conditions carries no current, but only during faults carry fault currents. There are 3 variants of the TN networks, as shown in Figure 1, namely: 3. Here, PE and N conductors which are connected together only near the power source, run separately all along the distribution system. This arrangement is prevailing standard in Europe and North America.

Though there is a cost benefit, this is rarely used, as potentially hazardous rise in neutral potential due to flow of return currents could be observed on the surface of the consumer devices connected to such an earth. At the service head, the PE and N conductors are separated and they run as separate lines thereafter. Figure 1. Variants of the TN earth arrangement The biggest disadvantage of the TN systems is that the protection mechanism makes use of the neutral wire that has the presence of a variety of high and low frequency noises due to the various consumer electrical appliances connected to it.

A case of broken neutral can offer no earth protection. They can be further classified into TT and IT networks. This network is prevalent in Japan. The biggest advantage of TT systems is interference free earthing systems since it is clear of the high and low frequency noises that come through the neutral wire. Telecommunication sites and such other special applications can benefit greatly from such a system. Systems with Earth on the consumer side The only disadvantage of the TT system in comparison to the TN systems is its poor ability to carry high currents in case of a live L to PE short circuit due to higher fault path impedance.

The lower current may be insufficient to trip the overcurrent protection devices fuses or circuit breakers to open and clear the ground fault. However, even on a minor insulation fault, if this sum exceeds a set threshold typically mA , the RCD can disconnect the supply. These types of equipment could have filters passing high frequency noise to the ground conductor that disturb the protective devices mounted on it.

However, since the distribution system is isolated with no connection to earth at all, earth can offer no protection and no devices can trip as there is no return path. To monitor the high impedance connection to earth, usually an insulation monitoring device is used. Though a single insulation fault is unlikely to cause dangerous currents to flow through a human body in contact with earth, it turns an IT system into a TN system.

This leads to dangerous situation with multiple issues. A second insulation fault can lead to dangerous body currents. The voltage of the other phases not experiencing a fault will rise to phase-to-phase voltage with respect to earth rather than phase to N. The transient over-voltages experienced are also higher. In addition, the combined PEN conductor is connected to real earth at many locations, typically at each consumer service head in UK , or earthed multiple times along the segment from the transformer in the street to the premises in Australia.

Moreover, connecting the neutral to the real earth at every consumer service head effectively helps bring down the potential difference along the entire length of the neutral. Least Cost. It is Safe and Continuity of Safety effective in keeping Advantages Safest Cost reliable operation, cost and cost neutral pd at zero potential along the line. Problems with the Existing Earthing System in India The TT earthing system is currently being used by the state distribution companies in India particularly in rural areas, with overhead wiring.

However, a survey has indicated that approximately 60 percent of the consumers do not have an earth provision at their premises.

And amongst those who do, the earthing system is ill maintained. This means that the earth network reduces to a TN-C. Ironically, the TN-C is the very network that is rarely used in other countries.

All the disadvantages of this potentially dangerous system are frequently observed in India. Some of the utilities that were established during the British era, like the Torrent Power in Ahmedabad have underground cables with the TN-S. Due to weathering, the sheaths of these underground cables have corroded and, therefore, have stopped providing good earth connections.

In this section, we shall see how an inappropriate choice for an earthing system coupled with a total disregard for Indian Electricity Rules can prove to be a recipe for disaster. If the threshold settings of the RCDs are increased, then they are far less likely to detect an insulation fault.

It is also unsafe to isolate the neutral core in a TN-C system, and hence the RCDs should be wired to interrupt only the live conductor and not the neutral, a convention that is not followed. On an event of a neutral break, in a single phase system, all parts of the earthing system beyond the neutral break would rise to the potential of the L conductor.

In case of an unbalanced three phase system, the potential of the earthing system would move towards the most loaded live conductor. Why then do we commonly hear of fatal accidents and damage to property. We dedicate this paper to this innocent young student. I can also recall, a death in my campus, of a cow that came grazing too close to a pole on which a distribution transformer was located. I have personally experienced damage to my television and other expensive electronic gadgets due to over-voltages caused by breakage of a neutral wire.

How often do we see a danger notice with skull and bones? Rule 35 of the IE Rules mandates that such notice be affixed in conspicuous locations of medium or high voltage installations.